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Shrewsbury School is a co-educational independent school for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, founded by Royal Charter in 1552.〔 The present campus, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the banks of the River Severn.〔 Originally a boarding school for boys, girls have been admitted into the Sixth Form since 2008 and there are approximately 130 day pupils.〔(Independent Schools Inspectorate report 2007 ) Retrieved 19 March 2010〕 Since 2014 Shrewsbury School has been fully co-educational. Pupils are admitted at the age of 13 by selective examination.〔 For approximately ten per cent of the pupils, English is a second or additional language.〔 The school's old boys – or "Old Salopians" – include naturalist Charles Darwin, poet Sir Philip Sidney, his biographer whose virtues extolled the chivalrous code of his era, Fulke Greville, Astronomer Royal Martin Rees, authors Samuel Butler and Nevil Shute, and broadcasters John Peel and Michael Palin. The school's cross-country running club (the "Hunt") is the world's oldest and the first modern track and field meeting was held at the school. Old boys played a role in formulating the rules of association football and football is still played by most boys; the Royal Shrewsbury School Boat Club is the most successful school rowing club in the history of the Henley Royal Regatta. ==History== Following a petition in 1542 to Henry VIII from the townspeople of Shrewsbury for a free grammar school, Shrewsbury School was founded by charter in 1552 under King Edward VI by Adam Jones in three rented wooden buildings, which included Riggs Hall, built in 1450, and now the only remaining part of the original foundation. Originally, the curriculum was based on Continental Calvinism, under its scholarly first headmaster, Thomas Ashton (appointed 1561) and boys were taught the catechism of Calvin. The school attracted large numbers of pupils from Protestant families in Shrewsbury, Shropshire and North Wales, with 266 boys on its roll at the end of 1562.〔Article on Thomas Ashton by Martin R. Speight.〕 It had few facilities so early pupils lodged with local families. Philip Sidney, who attended Shrewsbury between the ages of nine and thirteen, lodged with the family of George Leigh, Member of Parliament for Shrewsbury. Having achieved a reputation for excellence under Ashton, in 1571 the school was augmented by Queen Elizabeth I. Although Ashton had resigned from his headmastership in 1568, he returned to Shrewsbury in 1578 to help draw up the ordinances governing the school, which were in force until 1798; under them, the borough bailiffs (mayors after 1638) had power to appoint masters, with Ashton's old St John's College, Cambridge having an academic veto. The stone buildings on Castle Gates, including a chapel, dormitories, library and classrooms were completed by 1630 and the school continued in these, until it was relocated in 1882. Subsequently the premises were converted to a public Free Library and Museum by the Shrewsbury Borough Council, opening in their new role in 1885.〔Article by Beryl Copsey.〕 In the twentieth century the library purpose gradually took over the building. After a period of structural deterioration, followed by extensive restoration work, the buildings were re-opened entirely as Shrewsbury Public Library in 1983.〔A plaque erected by The Rotary Club of Shrewsbury, commemorating the club's 60th anniversary in 1985, reads: ''Castle Gates Library erected by Edward VI in 1552, Shrewsbury School occupied this site until 1882. The stone buildings were built 1594-1630. Judge Jefferys and Charles Darwin were educated here. Re-opened as a library in 1983 after complete renovation.''〕〔(Unpaginated)〕 The reputation of the school declined in the following centuries. Samuel Butler became headmaster in 1798. The school had just three headmasters during the 19th century. Butler was succeeded by his pupil Benjamin Hall Kennedy (of ''Latin Primer'' fame) in 1836,〔 who in turn gave way to Henry Whitehead Moss in 1866. Such was the school's reputation for classical education under Butler and Kennedy that Shrewsbury was one of just three provincial schools among the nine studied by the Clarendon Commission of 1861–4.〔Stray, Christopher (2005)'' Histories of the Nine Clarendon Schools: v. 1'' Thoemmes Continuum ISBN 1-84371-108-7, ISBN 978-1-84371-108-7.〕 Thus Shrewsbury was one of nine "Clarendon schools" (along with Charterhouse, Eton, Harrow, Merchant Taylors', Rugby, St Paul's, Westminster and Winchester) named in the Public Schools Act 1868 and regarded as the 'great' public schools. In 1882, Moss moved the school from its original town centre location to a new site of in Kingsland, on the south bank of the River Severn overlooking the town. A legacy of this move can be seen in the school campus being referred to as "The Site". The school was set up in a building that had at different times housed a foundling hospital and the Shrewsbury workhouse; buildings have since grown up around the edge of the campus with sports pitches in the centre. Moss was succeeded in 1908 by the Cyril Alington, then Master in College at Eton. Alington, though a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, was a sportsman, evidenced by the 1914 appointment as his secretary of Neville Cardus, the future cricket journalist who had joined the school in 1912 as the school's assistant cricket professional. At the time of his appointment as Headmaster, Alington was younger than any of the masters on the staff, so to bring in new blood into the teaching staff, he recruited several former Collegers from Eton, most notably The Rev. Ronald Knox ('Ronald Knox' by Evelyn Waugh 1959 & 'The History of Shrewsbury School' by J.B.Oldham, 1952 ). Alington revived attendance which had fallen away under Moss, and he was an energetic builder; the school hall is named after him. Since the turn of the millennium, the school's site has seen investment. A new music school, The Maidment Building, was opened by Prince Charles in 2001. The Main School Building saw an internal renovation over several years, modernising all classrooms. A new boarding house has been completed, as has a new world-class indoor cricket centre and a new swimming pool. In 2003 Shrewsbury International School, Bangkok was opened in Bangkok, Thailand, in a location on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. In 2005 Shrewsbury School was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.〔() TimesOnline〕 Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.〔(www.oft.gov.uk )〕 However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted). She wrote to John Vickers, the OFT director-general, saying, "They are not a group of businessmen meeting behind closed doors to fix the price of their products to the disadvantage of the consumer. They are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed." In November 2005, a decision was taken by the governors to admit girls to the sixth form; initially aiming to admit 60 girls, then increasing to 100. In 2010, the governors unanimously agreed that the school should become co-educational from 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shrewsbury School」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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